TY - JOUR
T1 - Plant factories
T2 - Reducing energy demand at high internal heat loads through façade design
AU - Graamans, Luuk
AU - Tenpierik, Martin
AU - van den Dobbelsteen, Andy
AU - Stanghellini, Cecilia
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - The increase in global food demand has led to the introduction of new food production systems. One key example is the plant factory. Plant factories face the same challenge as many high-tech building functions: high energy demands resulting from high internal heat loads. In this study we investigate how this energy demand can be reduced through façade design. Energy efficient design closely follows function, façade construction and local climate. Therefore, we analysed the effects of façade properties on the energy use in plant factories for three disparate climate zones: Sweden (Dfc), the Netherlands (Cfb) and the United Arab Emirates (BWh). We coupled the building energy simulation program EnergyPlus with a crop transpiration model to calculate the lighting, sensible cooling, latent cooling, and heating demand from the energy balance. In terms of energy demand (kWh m−2), opaque façades with high U-values and optimised albedo can reduce the facilities’ cooling demand by 18.8%, 30.0% and 30.4%, and their energy demand by 6.1%, 12.5% and 9.5%, for the United Arab Emirates, the Netherlands and Sweden, respectively. In terms of electricity use (kWhe m−2), transparent façades are more efficient, as they allow the use of freely available solar energy instead of artificial light. These façades can reduce electricity use by 9.4%, 7.6% and 7.4%, for the United Arab Emirates, the Netherlands and Sweden, respectively. The presented façade design strategies can significantly reduce energy demand in plant factories. The investigation provides a foundation for the energy efficient design of high-tech buildings, tailored to local climate.
AB - The increase in global food demand has led to the introduction of new food production systems. One key example is the plant factory. Plant factories face the same challenge as many high-tech building functions: high energy demands resulting from high internal heat loads. In this study we investigate how this energy demand can be reduced through façade design. Energy efficient design closely follows function, façade construction and local climate. Therefore, we analysed the effects of façade properties on the energy use in plant factories for three disparate climate zones: Sweden (Dfc), the Netherlands (Cfb) and the United Arab Emirates (BWh). We coupled the building energy simulation program EnergyPlus with a crop transpiration model to calculate the lighting, sensible cooling, latent cooling, and heating demand from the energy balance. In terms of energy demand (kWh m−2), opaque façades with high U-values and optimised albedo can reduce the facilities’ cooling demand by 18.8%, 30.0% and 30.4%, and their energy demand by 6.1%, 12.5% and 9.5%, for the United Arab Emirates, the Netherlands and Sweden, respectively. In terms of electricity use (kWhe m−2), transparent façades are more efficient, as they allow the use of freely available solar energy instead of artificial light. These façades can reduce electricity use by 9.4%, 7.6% and 7.4%, for the United Arab Emirates, the Netherlands and Sweden, respectively. The presented façade design strategies can significantly reduce energy demand in plant factories. The investigation provides a foundation for the energy efficient design of high-tech buildings, tailored to local climate.
KW - Cooling demand
KW - Data centre
KW - Energy efficiency
KW - Façade design
KW - Urban agriculture
KW - Vertical farm
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85079522833&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114544
DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114544
M3 - Article
SN - 0306-2619
VL - 262
JO - Applied Energy
JF - Applied Energy
M1 - 114544
ER -