Project-based learning principles: Insights from the development of large infrastructure

In recent decades, interest in project-based learning within organizational learning has grown significantly. This study synthesizes principles that facilitate learning at the project level. Through a cross-case analysis of the Gaasperdammer Tunnel project in the Netherlands and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in China, and validation via focus group discussions, we have identified five key principles: Owner Commitment, Social Environment Approach, Collaboration Vision, Value Orientation, and Open Mindset. These principles highlight the mindsets that guide the behavior and thinking of project practitioners beyond prescriptive processes and routines. Our research enhances the understanding of how project participants can learn from their involvement in unique, complex projects and improve their capabilities for future endeavors. We emphasize the critical role of learning in the development of project capabilities and suggest it be a focal point in future research on infrastructure development projects.