TY - JOUR
T1 - Rapid removal of diclofenac in aqueous solution by soluble Mn(III) (aq) generated in a novel Electro-activated carbon fiber-permanganate (E-ACF-PM) process
AU - Zhu, Yunhua
AU - Zhao, Chun
AU - Liang, Jialiang
AU - Shang, Ran
AU - Zhu, Xuanmo
AU - Ding, Lei
AU - Deng, Huiping
AU - Zheng, Huaili
AU - Strathmann, Timothy J.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Electrolysis and permanganate (PM) oxidation are two commonly used technologies for water treatment. However, they are often handicapped by their slow reaction rates. To improve the removal efficiency of refractory contaminants, we combined electrolysis with PM using an activated carbon fiber (ACF) as cathode (E-ACF-PM) for the first time to treat diclofenac (DCF) in aqueous solution. Up to 90% DCF was removed in 5 min by E-ACF-PM process. In comparison, only 3.95 and 27.35% of DCF was removed by individual electrolysis and PM oxidation at the same time, respectively. Acidic condition was more conducive to DCF removal. Surprisingly, soluble Mn(III) ( aq) formed on the surface of ACF was demonstrated as the principal oxidizing agent in E-ACF-PM process. Further studies showed that all three components (electrolysis + ACF + PM) were necessary to facilitate the heterogeneous generation of reactive Mn(III) ( aq). Moreover, SEM images and XPS spectra of ACF before and after treatment revealed that the morphologies and elemental compositions of reacted ACF were nearly unchanged during the E-ACF-PM process. ACF can be remained active and utilized to the rapid degradation of DCF in E-ACF-PM process even after reused for 20 times. Therefore, the E-ACF-PM process may provide a novel and effective alternative on the generation of reactive Mn(III) ( aq) in situ for water treatment by green electrochemical reactions.
AB - Electrolysis and permanganate (PM) oxidation are two commonly used technologies for water treatment. However, they are often handicapped by their slow reaction rates. To improve the removal efficiency of refractory contaminants, we combined electrolysis with PM using an activated carbon fiber (ACF) as cathode (E-ACF-PM) for the first time to treat diclofenac (DCF) in aqueous solution. Up to 90% DCF was removed in 5 min by E-ACF-PM process. In comparison, only 3.95 and 27.35% of DCF was removed by individual electrolysis and PM oxidation at the same time, respectively. Acidic condition was more conducive to DCF removal. Surprisingly, soluble Mn(III) ( aq) formed on the surface of ACF was demonstrated as the principal oxidizing agent in E-ACF-PM process. Further studies showed that all three components (electrolysis + ACF + PM) were necessary to facilitate the heterogeneous generation of reactive Mn(III) ( aq). Moreover, SEM images and XPS spectra of ACF before and after treatment revealed that the morphologies and elemental compositions of reacted ACF were nearly unchanged during the E-ACF-PM process. ACF can be remained active and utilized to the rapid degradation of DCF in E-ACF-PM process even after reused for 20 times. Therefore, the E-ACF-PM process may provide a novel and effective alternative on the generation of reactive Mn(III) ( aq) in situ for water treatment by green electrochemical reactions.
KW - Activated carbon fiber
KW - Diclofenac
KW - Electro-permanganate
KW - Mn(III)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85070706047&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114975
DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114975
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85070706047
SN - 0043-1354
VL - 165
JO - Water Research
JF - Water Research
M1 - 114975
ER -