Reflection mode XAFS at the Ti K-edge of lithium intercalated TiO 2 electrodes

D. Lützenkirchen-Hecht*, M. Wagemaker, A. A. Van Well, R. Frahm

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalConference articleScientificpeer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Lithium intercalation and deintercalation in crystalline TiO 2-electrodes (rutile and anatase modifications) was investigated ex situ using grazing incidence reflection mode x-ray absorption spectroscopy in a specialized cell which permits the removal of the electrolyte and the subsequent measurement of grazing incidence x-ray absorption spectra under a protecting noble gas atmosphere. Small changes observed in near edge x-ray absorption spectra indicated that the Ti4+ ions are reduced by the electrochemical lithiation, depending on the TiO2 modification, Ti3.5+ states as well as Ti3+ states are observed for rutile and anatase, respectively. Angle dependent experiments reveal that the intercalation is not complete for rutile, while anatase seems to be fully intercalated. In addition, a certain amount of Li remains in the anatase electrode after a complete intercalation - deintercalation cycle. The results suggest that Li-ions are generally accumulated at the electrode/electrolyte interface during both intercalation and deintercalation.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)390-392
Number of pages3
JournalPhysica Scripta T
VolumeT115
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Dec 2005
Event12th X-ray Absorption Fine Structure International Conference, XAFS12 - Malmo, Sweden
Duration: 23 Jun 200327 Jun 2003

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