Regulatory Reforms and Competition in Public Transport

This chapter presents an overview of the main features of the organization and provision of land passenger public transport in light of the profound reforms witnessed in the sector in the last decades. These regulatory reforms, inspired by a wave of neoliberal thinking, include as a key element the introduction of competition as a means to improve the efficiency of the sector. The chapter classifies and summarizes key existing policy options and concludes with a brief reflection of the future of public transport regulation in view of emerging technologies and service models.