Shared-Load Container Drayage with Battery Swapping

Marco Ochoa-Barnuevo; Fabian Akkerman; Eduardo Lalla-Ruiz; Frederik Schulte

doi:10.1007/978-3-032-30795-8_16

Shared-Load Container Drayage with Battery Swapping

Marco Ochoa-Barnuevo^*
, Fabian Akkerman
, Eduardo Lalla-Ruiz
, Frederik Schulte

^*Corresponding author for this work

Transport Engineering and Logistics

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

Container drayage refers to short-haul truck movements of containers between ports and nearby customers and is often characterized by poor asset utilization and high costs. Motivated by evolving digital less-than-container-load (LCL) practices of major forwarders, we investigate a shared-load container drayage setting in which a single sealed container serves multiple customers on the same route in both delivery and pickup operations. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear program with clustered service, delivery-pickup sequencing, multi-trip routing, customer time windows, and electric-vehicle constraints through battery-capacity and swapping limitations. Computational results show that shared-load drayage can generate substantial cost savings relative to traditional one-load operations, mainly through reductions in fleet usage, and that these benefits are strongest under higher sharing levels and remain robust under EV-related restrictions.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Logistics and Maritime Systems
Subtitle of host publication	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference, LOGMS 2026, Held in Conjunction with EUROMar 2026
Editors	Jesica de Armas, Eduardo Lalla Ruiz
Publisher	Springer
Pages	181-193
Number of pages	13
ISBN (Electronic)	978-3-032-30795-8
ISBN (Print)	978-3-032-30794-1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-30795-8_16
Publication status	Published - 2027
Event	14th International Conference on Logistics and Maritime Systems, LOGMS 2026, Held in Conjunction with EUROMar Conference on Maritime Optimization and Logistics, EUROMar 2026 - Barcelona, Spain Duration: 7 Jul 2026 → 10 Jul 2026

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Publisher	Springer
Volume	16679 LNCS
ISSN (Print)	0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)	1611-3349

Conference

Conference	14th International Conference on Logistics and Maritime Systems, LOGMS 2026, Held in Conjunction with EUROMar Conference on Maritime Optimization and Logistics, EUROMar 2026
Country/Territory	Spain
City	Barcelona
Period	7/07/26 → 10/07/26

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 14 Life Below Water

Keywords

clustered vehicle routing
container drayage
electric vehicles
shared-load routing

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-032-30795-8_16

Cite this

Ochoa-Barnuevo, M., Akkerman, F., Lalla-Ruiz, E., & Schulte, F. (2027). Shared-Load Container Drayage with Battery Swapping. In J. de Armas, & E. Lalla Ruiz (Eds.), Logistics and Maritime Systems: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference, LOGMS 2026, Held in Conjunction with EUROMar 2026 (pp. 181-193). (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Vol. 16679 LNCS). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-30795-8_16

Ochoa-Barnuevo, Marco ; Akkerman, Fabian ; Lalla-Ruiz, Eduardo et al. / Shared-Load Container Drayage with Battery Swapping. Logistics and Maritime Systems: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference, LOGMS 2026, Held in Conjunction with EUROMar 2026. editor / Jesica de Armas ; Eduardo Lalla Ruiz. Springer, 2027. pp. 181-193 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

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abstract = "Container drayage refers to short-haul truck movements of containers between ports and nearby customers and is often characterized by poor asset utilization and high costs. Motivated by evolving digital less-than-container-load (LCL) practices of major forwarders, we investigate a shared-load container drayage setting in which a single sealed container serves multiple customers on the same route in both delivery and pickup operations. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear program with clustered service, delivery-pickup sequencing, multi-trip routing, customer time windows, and electric-vehicle constraints through battery-capacity and swapping limitations. Computational results show that shared-load drayage can generate substantial cost savings relative to traditional one-load operations, mainly through reductions in fleet usage, and that these benefits are strongest under higher sharing levels and remain robust under EV-related restrictions.",

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Ochoa-Barnuevo, M, Akkerman, F, Lalla-Ruiz, E & Schulte, F 2027, Shared-Load Container Drayage with Battery Swapping. in J de Armas & E Lalla Ruiz (eds), Logistics and Maritime Systems: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference, LOGMS 2026, Held in Conjunction with EUROMar 2026. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 16679 LNCS, Springer, pp. 181-193, 14th International Conference on Logistics and Maritime Systems, LOGMS 2026, Held in Conjunction with EUROMar Conference on Maritime Optimization and Logistics, EUROMar 2026, Barcelona, Spain, 7/07/26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-30795-8_16

Shared-Load Container Drayage with Battery Swapping. / Ochoa-Barnuevo, Marco; Akkerman, Fabian; Lalla-Ruiz, Eduardo et al.
Logistics and Maritime Systems: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference, LOGMS 2026, Held in Conjunction with EUROMar 2026. ed. / Jesica de Armas; Eduardo Lalla Ruiz. Springer, 2027. p. 181-193 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Vol. 16679 LNCS).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

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N2 - Container drayage refers to short-haul truck movements of containers between ports and nearby customers and is often characterized by poor asset utilization and high costs. Motivated by evolving digital less-than-container-load (LCL) practices of major forwarders, we investigate a shared-load container drayage setting in which a single sealed container serves multiple customers on the same route in both delivery and pickup operations. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear program with clustered service, delivery-pickup sequencing, multi-trip routing, customer time windows, and electric-vehicle constraints through battery-capacity and swapping limitations. Computational results show that shared-load drayage can generate substantial cost savings relative to traditional one-load operations, mainly through reductions in fleet usage, and that these benefits are strongest under higher sharing levels and remain robust under EV-related restrictions.

AB - Container drayage refers to short-haul truck movements of containers between ports and nearby customers and is often characterized by poor asset utilization and high costs. Motivated by evolving digital less-than-container-load (LCL) practices of major forwarders, we investigate a shared-load container drayage setting in which a single sealed container serves multiple customers on the same route in both delivery and pickup operations. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear program with clustered service, delivery-pickup sequencing, multi-trip routing, customer time windows, and electric-vehicle constraints through battery-capacity and swapping limitations. Computational results show that shared-load drayage can generate substantial cost savings relative to traditional one-load operations, mainly through reductions in fleet usage, and that these benefits are strongest under higher sharing levels and remain robust under EV-related restrictions.

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Ochoa-Barnuevo M, Akkerman F, Lalla-Ruiz E, Schulte F. Shared-Load Container Drayage with Battery Swapping. In de Armas J, Lalla Ruiz E, editors, Logistics and Maritime Systems: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference, LOGMS 2026, Held in Conjunction with EUROMar 2026. Springer. 2027. p. 181-193. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-30795-8_16