TY - JOUR
T1 - Simulations of the flow in the Mahakam river–lake–delta system, Indonesia
AU - Pham Van, Chien
AU - de Brye, Benjamin
AU - Deleersnijder, Eric
AU - Hoitink, A. J F
AU - Sassi, Maximiliano
AU - Spinewine, Benoit
AU - Hidayat, Hidayat
AU - Soares-Frazão, Sandra
N1 - Accepted author manuscript
PY - 2016/1/12
Y1 - 2016/1/12
N2 - Large rivers often present a river–lake–delta system, with a wide range of temporal and spatial scales of the flow due to the combined effects of human activities and various natural factors, e.g., river discharge, tides, climatic variability, droughts, floods. Numerical models that allow for simulating the flow in these river–lake–delta systems are essential to study them and predict their evolution under the impact of various forcings. This is because they provide information that cannot be easily measured with sufficient temporal and spatial detail. In this study, we combine one-dimensional sectional-averaged (1D) and two-dimensional depth-averaged (2D) models, in the framework of the finite element model SLIM, to simulate the flow in the Mahakam river–lake–delta system (Indonesia). The 1D model representing the Mahakam River and four tributaries is coupled to the 2D unstructured mesh model implemented on the Mahakam Delta, the adjacent Makassar Strait, and three lakes in the central part of the river catchment. Using observations of water elevation at five stations, the bottom friction for river and tributaries, lakes, delta, and adjacent coastal zone is calibrated. Next, the model is validated using another period of observations of water elevation, flow velocity, and water discharge at various stations. Several criteria are implemented to assess the quality of the simulations, and a good agreement between simulations and observations is achieved in both calibration and validation stages. Different aspects of the flow, i.e., the division of water at two bifurcations in the delta, the effects of the lakes on the flow in the lower part of the system, the area of tidal propagation, are also quantified and discussed.
AB - Large rivers often present a river–lake–delta system, with a wide range of temporal and spatial scales of the flow due to the combined effects of human activities and various natural factors, e.g., river discharge, tides, climatic variability, droughts, floods. Numerical models that allow for simulating the flow in these river–lake–delta systems are essential to study them and predict their evolution under the impact of various forcings. This is because they provide information that cannot be easily measured with sufficient temporal and spatial detail. In this study, we combine one-dimensional sectional-averaged (1D) and two-dimensional depth-averaged (2D) models, in the framework of the finite element model SLIM, to simulate the flow in the Mahakam river–lake–delta system (Indonesia). The 1D model representing the Mahakam River and four tributaries is coupled to the 2D unstructured mesh model implemented on the Mahakam Delta, the adjacent Makassar Strait, and three lakes in the central part of the river catchment. Using observations of water elevation at five stations, the bottom friction for river and tributaries, lakes, delta, and adjacent coastal zone is calibrated. Next, the model is validated using another period of observations of water elevation, flow velocity, and water discharge at various stations. Several criteria are implemented to assess the quality of the simulations, and a good agreement between simulations and observations is achieved in both calibration and validation stages. Different aspects of the flow, i.e., the division of water at two bifurcations in the delta, the effects of the lakes on the flow in the lower part of the system, the area of tidal propagation, are also quantified and discussed.
KW - Coupled 1D/2D model
KW - Mahakam River
KW - River–lake–delta system
KW - SLIM
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84954315553&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:af0d3f20-25b8-45f2-928e-2564edcd8a2d
U2 - 10.1007/s10652-016-9445-4
DO - 10.1007/s10652-016-9445-4
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84954315553
SN - 1567-7419
VL - 16
SP - 603
EP - 633
JO - Environmental Fluid Mechanics
JF - Environmental Fluid Mechanics
IS - 3
ER -