Site Selection for Underground Hydrogen Storage in Porous Media: Critical Review and Outlook

Underground hydrogen storage in porous media is promising for large-scale energy storage. However, its technical and financial effectiveness is heavily dependent on a reliable site selection strategy. In this review, we critically assess the available literature across disciplines to identify the most influential criteria for reliable site selection. Drawing from this evaluation, we propose a systematic, multidisciplinary framework for early stage reservoir screening, integrating key criteria from reservoir performance, geomechanics and containment, location and techno-economics, and biogeochemistry. Our framework allows for rapid identification and ranking of the most suitable reservoirs by proposing 11 elimination criteria and 15 screening criteria. The presented framework consists of practically applicable and scientifically grounded criteria to support consistent, early stage decisions based on readily available data while allowing for detailed site-specific analysis in later project development phases. By unifying diverse disciplinary insights into a structured methodology, this study contributes to more informed, inclusive, and effective site selection.