Special Issue "River, Urban, and Coastal Flood Risk"

Coastal, fluvial, and pluvial floods cause casualties and damage throughout the world. Climate change is increasing flood hazard in many regions, while human development is exacerbating the consequences of flooding. Engineers, scientists, planners, and policy makers work to reduce flood risk via physical, social, and regulatory measures. Examples of these are engineered (hard) and natural (soft) defenses such as levees and wetlands, warning systems combined with education and evacuation protocols, and land use control. The effectiveness of an implemented countermeasure relies on both the robustness of the countermeasure chosen and the interdisciplinary interplay among the type of hazard, the appropriateness of the countermeasure itself, and the interaction of the countermeasure with the humans and property that it is meant to protect.

The purpose of this special issue is to investigate coastal, fluvial, and pluvial flood risk from disciplinary perspectives, as well as from viewpoints spanning these disciplines, including but not limited to:

- Hazard assessment
- Consequences (damage and loss) assessment
- Physical (engineered and natural), social, and regulatory countermeasures