TY - JOUR
T1 - The Crabtree Effect Shapes the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lag Phase during the Switch between Different Carbon Sources
AU - Perez-Samper, Gemma
AU - Cerulus, Bram
AU - Jariani, Abbas
AU - Vermeersch, Lieselotte
AU - Barrajón Simancas, Nuria
AU - Bisschops, Markus M.M.
AU - van den Brink, Joost
AU - Solis-Escalante, Daniel
AU - Gallone, Brigida
AU - De Maeyer, Dries
AU - Daran-Lapujade, Pascale
AU - More Authors, null
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - When faced with environmental changes, microbes often enter a temporary growth arrest during which they reprogram the expression of specific genes to adapt to the new conditions. A prime example of such a lag phase occurs when microbes need to switch from glucose to other, less-preferred carbon sources. Despite its industrial relevance, the genetic network that determines the duration of the lag phase has not been studied in much detail. Here, we performed a genome-wide Bar-Seq screen to identify genetic determinants of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucose-to-galactose lag phase. The results show that genes involved in respiration, and specifically those encoding complexes III and IV of the electron transport chain, are needed for efficient growth resumption after the lag phase. Anaerobic growth experiments confirmed the importance of respiratory energy conversion in determining the lag phase duration. Moreover, overexpression of the central regulator of respiration, HAP4, leads to significantly shorter lag phases. Together, these results suggest that the glucose-induced repression of respiration, known as the Crabtree effect, is a major determinant of microbial fitness in fluctuating carbon environments.IMPORTANCE The lag phase is arguably one of the prime characteristics of microbial growth. Longer lag phases result in lower competitive fitness in variable environments, and the duration of the lag phase is also important in many industrial processes where long lag phases lead to sluggish, less efficient fermentations. Despite the immense importance of the lag phase, surprisingly little is known about the exact molecular processes that determine its duration. Our study uses the molecular toolbox of S. cerevisiae combined with detailed growth experiments to reveal how the transition from fermentative to respirative metabolism is a key bottleneck for cells to overcome the lag phase. Together, our findings not only yield insight into the key molecular processes and genes that influence lag duration but also open routes to increase the efficiency of industrial fermentations and offer an experimental framework to study other types of lag behavior.
AB - When faced with environmental changes, microbes often enter a temporary growth arrest during which they reprogram the expression of specific genes to adapt to the new conditions. A prime example of such a lag phase occurs when microbes need to switch from glucose to other, less-preferred carbon sources. Despite its industrial relevance, the genetic network that determines the duration of the lag phase has not been studied in much detail. Here, we performed a genome-wide Bar-Seq screen to identify genetic determinants of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucose-to-galactose lag phase. The results show that genes involved in respiration, and specifically those encoding complexes III and IV of the electron transport chain, are needed for efficient growth resumption after the lag phase. Anaerobic growth experiments confirmed the importance of respiratory energy conversion in determining the lag phase duration. Moreover, overexpression of the central regulator of respiration, HAP4, leads to significantly shorter lag phases. Together, these results suggest that the glucose-induced repression of respiration, known as the Crabtree effect, is a major determinant of microbial fitness in fluctuating carbon environments.IMPORTANCE The lag phase is arguably one of the prime characteristics of microbial growth. Longer lag phases result in lower competitive fitness in variable environments, and the duration of the lag phase is also important in many industrial processes where long lag phases lead to sluggish, less efficient fermentations. Despite the immense importance of the lag phase, surprisingly little is known about the exact molecular processes that determine its duration. Our study uses the molecular toolbox of S. cerevisiae combined with detailed growth experiments to reveal how the transition from fermentative to respirative metabolism is a key bottleneck for cells to overcome the lag phase. Together, our findings not only yield insight into the key molecular processes and genes that influence lag duration but also open routes to increase the efficiency of industrial fermentations and offer an experimental framework to study other types of lag behavior.
KW - Crabtree effect
KW - diauxic growth
KW - lag phase
KW - respiration
KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85055653262&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1128/mBio.01331-18
DO - 10.1128/mBio.01331-18
M3 - Article
C2 - 30377274
AN - SCOPUS:85055653262
SN - 2150-7511
VL - 9
JO - mBio
JF - mBio
IS - 5
ER -