The non-energy intensive manufacturing sector: An energy analysis relating to the Netherlands

Using data at the three-digit level for the Dutch manufacturing industry, the performance of the sector was analyzed with respect to its energy intensity, value added, value of production, and energy costs, e.g., petroleum products. Energy consumption increased by 30% between 1988 and 1999 while there was no decrease on energy intensity. Structural changes played a minor role and intensity effects added further energy requirements to those induced by output growth. The results study highlight the need for policy-makers and scientists to increase their attention to the non-energy intensive sector and encourage industries in these sectors to adopt energy-efficient technologies and management practices. The non-energy intensive sector should be considered a key target area for reduction of CO₂ emissions. The low energy costs within the non-energy intensive sector have important implications for energy policy instruments. Barriers that are preventing the adoption of energy efficient technologies and management practices in the non-energy intensive sector need to be identified and understood.