TY - JOUR
T1 - Thermal-Aware Synthesis of 5G Base Station Antenna Arrays
T2 - An Overview and a Sparsity-Based Approach
AU - Aslan, Yanki
AU - Puskely, Jan
AU - Janssen, J. H. J.
AU - Geurts, Marcel
AU - Roederer, Antoine
AU - Yarovoy, Alexander
N1 - green
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Heat removal capabilities and radiation performances of several sparse antenna array topologies are studied for cooling enhancement in 5G millimeter-wave base station antennas. Both electromagnetic and thermal aspects are jointly considered for the first time in array layout optimization and a novel connection between layout sparsity and thermal management is presented. Two types of active electronically scanned arrays (AESA’s), based on the traditional and planar approaches, are examined. Thermal management in AESA’s is discussed, with a focus on cooling challenges at millimeter waves. Being relatively low-cost and low-profile while supporting flexible beamforming, passively cooled planar AESA’s with fanless CPU coolers are proposed, for the first time, to be used in 5G base stations. Additional cooling for such arrays is achieved by increasing the inter-element distances in the layout. Linear irregular arrays, spiral arrays, thinned arrays, circular ring arrays and heat sink antenna arrays are revisited with a critical discussion on their electromagnetic and thermal performance. The results are compared with regular and square layouts that are used as benchmarks throughout the paper.
AB - Heat removal capabilities and radiation performances of several sparse antenna array topologies are studied for cooling enhancement in 5G millimeter-wave base station antennas. Both electromagnetic and thermal aspects are jointly considered for the first time in array layout optimization and a novel connection between layout sparsity and thermal management is presented. Two types of active electronically scanned arrays (AESA’s), based on the traditional and planar approaches, are examined. Thermal management in AESA’s is discussed, with a focus on cooling challenges at millimeter waves. Being relatively low-cost and low-profile while supporting flexible beamforming, passively cooled planar AESA’s with fanless CPU coolers are proposed, for the first time, to be used in 5G base stations. Additional cooling for such arrays is achieved by increasing the inter-element distances in the layout. Linear irregular arrays, spiral arrays, thinned arrays, circular ring arrays and heat sink antenna arrays are revisited with a critical discussion on their electromagnetic and thermal performance. The results are compared with regular and square layouts that are used as benchmarks throughout the paper.
KW - Antenna synthesis
KW - base station antennas
KW - fifth generation (5G)
KW - millimeter-wave communications
KW - passive cooling
KW - sparse arrays
U2 - 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2873977
DO - 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2873977
M3 - Article
SN - 2169-3536
VL - 6
SP - 58868
EP - 58882
JO - IEEE Access
JF - IEEE Access
IS - 1
ER -