%PDF-1.5
%
1 0 obj
<<
/Metadata 2 0 R
/Names 3 0 R
/OpenAction 4 0 R
/Outlines 5 0 R
/PageMode /UseNone
/Pages 6 0 R
/Type /Catalog
/ViewerPreferences <<
/FitWindow true
>>
>>
endobj
7 0 obj
<<
/Author (Cian J. Desmond, Simon Watson, Christiane Montavon and Jimmy Murphy)
/CreationDate (D:20180701115612+08'00')
/Creator (LaTeX with hyperref package)
/Keywords (wind energy; computational fluid dynamics \(CFD\); non-neutral; forest; canopy; site assessment; Vaudeville-le-Haut)
/ModDate (D:20180702104947+02'00')
/PTEX.Fullbanner (This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.18 \(TeX Live 2017/W32TeX\) kpathsea version 6.2.3)
/Producer (pdfTeX-1.40.18)
/Subject (The flow over densely forested terrain under neutral and non-neutral conditions is considered using commercially available computational fluid dynamics \(CFD\) software. Results are validated against data from a site in Northeastern France. It is shown that the effects of both neutral and stable atmospheric stratifications can be modelled numerically using state of the art methodologies whilst unstable stratifications will require further consideration. The sensitivity of the numerical model to parameters such as canopy height and canopy density is assessed and it is shown that atmospheric stability is the prevailing source of modelling uncertainty for the study.)
/Title (Modelling Uncertainty in t-RANS Simulations of Thermally Stratified Forest Canopy Flows for Wind Energy Studies)
/Trapped /False
>>
endobj
2 0 obj
<<
/Length 4824
/Subtype /XML
/Type /Metadata
>>
stream
application/pdf
Cian J. Desmond, Simon Watson, Christiane Montavon and Jimmy Murphy
The flow over densely forested terrain under neutral and non-neutral conditions is considered using commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Results are validated against data from a site in Northeastern France. It is shown that the effects of both neutral and stable atmospheric stratifications can be modelled numerically using state of the art methodologies whilst unstable stratifications will require further consideration. The sensitivity of the numerical model to parameters such as canopy height and canopy density is assessed and it is shown that atmospheric stability is the prevailing source of modelling uncertainty for the study.
Modelling Uncertainty in t-RANS Simulations of Thermally Stratified Forest Canopy Flows for Wind Energy Studies
2018-07-01T11:56:12+08:00
LaTeX with hyperref package
2018-07-02T10:49:47+02:00
2018-07-02T10:49:47+02:00
wind energy; computational fluid dynamics (CFD); non-neutral; forest; canopy; site assessment; Vaudeville-le-Haut
pdfTeX-1.40.18
False
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.18 (TeX Live 2017/W32TeX) kpathsea version 6.2.3
uuid:e6446513-0915-445e-9f52-c2101ac80ffa
uuid:caf2f025-066a-4876-a44c-9de9a0f81efc
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<<
/Dests 8 0 R
>>
endobj
4 0 obj
<<
/D [9 0 R /FitH]
/S /GoTo
>>
endobj
5 0 obj
<<
/Count 23
/First 10 0 R
/Last 11 0 R
/Type /Outlines
>>
endobj
6 0 obj
<<
/Count 26
/Kids [12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R]
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
8 0 obj
<<
/Kids [17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R]
/Limits [(AMS.1) (table.9)]
>>
endobj
9 0 obj
<<
/Annots [22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R
32 0 R 33 0 R]
/Contents [34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R]
/CropBox [0 0 595.276 841.89]
/MediaBox [0 0 595.276 841.89]
/Parent 12 0 R
/Resources 42 0 R
/Rotate 0
/Type /Page
>>
endobj
10 0 obj
<<
/A 43 0 R
/Next 44 0 R
/Parent 5 0 R
/Title
>>
endobj
11 0 obj
<<
/A 45 0 R
/Parent 5 0 R
/Prev 46 0 R
/Title
>>
endobj
12 0 obj
<<
/Count 7
/Kids [47 0 R 9 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R]
/Parent 6 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
13 0 obj
<<
/Count 6
/Kids [53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R]
/Parent 6 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<<
/Count 6
/Kids [59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R]
/Parent 6 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<<
/Count 6
/Kids [65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R]
/Parent 6 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<<
/Count 1
/Kids [71 0 R]
/Parent 6 0 R
/Type /Pages
>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/Kids [72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R]
/Limits [(AMS.1) (AMS.5)]
>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/Kids [78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R]
/Limits [(AMS.6) (cite.B7-energies-315447)]
>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<<
/Kids [84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R]
/Limits [(cite.B8-energies-315447) (page.22)]
>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<<
/Kids [90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R]
/Limits [(page.23) (table.12)]
>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<<
/Kids [96 0 R 97 0 R]
/Limits [(table.2) (table.9)]
>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [75.539 757.64 202.26 793.648]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://www.mdpi.com)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [474.736 757.64 519.737 793.648]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8924-2898)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [166.328 639.202 179.155 654.1]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/7/1703?type=check_update&version=1)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [467.499 558.318 519.737 579.847]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B1-energies-315447)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [247.288 253.348 254.262 262.275]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B2-energies-315447)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [315.01 185.801 321.984 194.728]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B3-energies-315447)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [433.921 158.598 440.894 167.709]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B4-energies-315447)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [498.951 104.745 505.925 113.671]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B6-energies-315447)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [508.814 104.561 515.788 113.671]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/D (cite.B7-energies-315447)
/S /GoTo
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 0]
/H /I
/Rect [111.683 91.236 118.657 100.162]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071703)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [170.383 38.684 243.445 50.141]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<<
/A <<
/S /URI
/Type /Action
/URI (http://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies)
>>
/Border [0 0 0]
/C [0 1 1]
/H /I
/Rect [396.607 38.684 519.737 50.141]
/Subtype /Link
/Type /Annot
>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<<
/Length 530
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
HSێ@}W;@]RFʥ
Y0,RUE=s<1
0&oCd-FCK4ˀ5i`Y%?4{]ho\}85#}=rz"rt/"NKCRe5Z)!&K&\y0C3@HT|]],Z pPj)(*/ˢތSsnQݯQv