cjdb: A Simple, Fast, and Lean Database Solution for the CityGML Data Model

Leon Powałka; Chris Poon; Yitong Xia; Siebren Meines; Lan Yan; Yuduan Cai; Gina Stavropoulou; Balázs Dukai; Hugo Ledoux

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43699-4_47

cjdb: A Simple, Fast, and Lean Database Solution for the CityGML Data Model

Leon Powałka, Chris Poon, Yitong Xia, Siebren Meines, Lan Yan, Yuduan Cai, Gina Stavropoulou, Balázs Dukai, Hugo Ledoux^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Urban Data Science

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

When it comes to storing 3D city models in a database, the implementation of the CityGML data model can be quite demanding and often results in complicated schemas. As an example, 3DCityDB, a widely used solution, depends on a schema having 66 tables, mapping closely the CityGML architecture. In this paper, we propose an alternative (called ‘cjdb’) for storing CityGML models efficiently in PostgreSQL with a much simpler table structure and data model design (only 3 tables are necessary). This is achieved by storing the attributes and geometries of the objects directly in JSON. In the case of the geometries we thus adopt the Simple Feature paradigm and we use the structure of CityJSON. We compare our solution against 3DCityDB with large real-world 3D city models, and we find that cjdb has significantly lower demands in storage space (around a factor of 10), allows for faster import/export of data, and has a comparable data retrieval speed with some queries being faster and some slower. The accompanying software (importer and exporter) is available at https://github.com/cityjson/cjdb/ under a permissive open-source license.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Recent Advances in 3D Geoinformation Science
Subtitle of host publication	Proceedings of the 18th 3D GeoInfo Conference
Editors	Thomas H. Kolbe, Andreas Donaubauer, Christof Beil
Place of Publication	Cham
Publisher	Springer
Chapter	47
Pages	781-796
Number of pages	16
ISBN (Electronic)	978-3-031-43699-4
ISBN (Print)	978-3-031-43698-7, 978-3-031-43701-4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43699-4_47
Publication status	Published - 2024
Event	18th 3D Geoinfo Conference - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany Duration: 12 Sept 2023 → 14 Sept 2023 https://www.3dgeoinfo.org/3dgeoinfo/

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography
Publisher	Springer
ISSN (Print)	1863-2246
ISSN (Electronic)	1863-2351

Conference

Conference	18th 3D Geoinfo Conference
Country/Territory	Germany
City	Munich
Period	12/09/23 → 14/09/23
Internet address	https://www.3dgeoinfo.org/3dgeoinfo/

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Keywords

CityGML
3DCityDB
3D modelling
DBMS
CityJSON

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-031-43699-4_47

Cite this

Powałka, L., Poon, C., Xia, Y., Meines, S., Yan, L., Cai, Y., Stavropoulou, G., Dukai, B., & Ledoux, H. (2024). cjdb: A Simple, Fast, and Lean Database Solution for the CityGML Data Model. In T. H. Kolbe, A. Donaubauer, & C. Beil (Eds.), Recent Advances in 3D Geoinformation Science: Proceedings of the 18th 3D GeoInfo Conference (pp. 781-796). (Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43699-4_47

Powałka, Leon ; Poon, Chris ; Xia, Yitong et al. / cjdb : A Simple, Fast, and Lean Database Solution for the CityGML Data Model. Recent Advances in 3D Geoinformation Science: Proceedings of the 18th 3D GeoInfo Conference. editor / Thomas H. Kolbe ; Andreas Donaubauer ; Christof Beil. Cham : Springer, 2024. pp. 781-796 (Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography).

@inproceedings{2caaaa11b20540218f34c6d5ad8f38a7,

title = "cjdb: A Simple, Fast, and Lean Database Solution for the CityGML Data Model",

abstract = "When it comes to storing 3D city models in a database, the implementation of the CityGML data model can be quite demanding and often results in complicated schemas. As an example, 3DCityDB, a widely used solution, depends on a schema having 66 tables, mapping closely the CityGML architecture. In this paper, we propose an alternative (called {\textquoteleft}cjdb{\textquoteright}) for storing CityGML models efficiently in PostgreSQL with a much simpler table structure and data model design (only 3 tables are necessary). This is achieved by storing the attributes and geometries of the objects directly in JSON. In the case of the geometries we thus adopt the Simple Feature paradigm and we use the structure of CityJSON. We compare our solution against 3DCityDB with large real-world 3D city models, and we find that cjdb has significantly lower demands in storage space (around a factor of 10), allows for faster import/export of data, and has a comparable data retrieval speed with some queries being faster and some slower. The accompanying software (importer and exporter) is available at https://github.com/cityjson/cjdb/ under a permissive open-source license.",

keywords = "CityGML, 3DCityDB, 3D modelling, DBMS, CityJSON",

author = "Leon Powa{\l}ka and Chris Poon and Yitong Xia and Siebren Meines and Lan Yan and Yuduan Cai and Gina Stavropoulou and Bal{\'a}zs Dukai and Hugo Ledoux",

note = "Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.; 18th 3D Geoinfo Conference ; Conference date: 12-09-2023 Through 14-09-2023",

year = "2024",

doi = "10.1007/978-3-031-43699-4_47",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-3-031-43698-7",

series = "Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography",

publisher = "Springer",

pages = "781--796",

editor = "Kolbe, {Thomas H.} and Andreas Donaubauer and Christof Beil",

booktitle = "Recent Advances in 3D Geoinformation Science",

url = "https://www.3dgeoinfo.org/3dgeoinfo/",

}

Powałka, L, Poon, C, Xia, Y, Meines, S, Yan, L, Cai, Y, Stavropoulou, G, Dukai, B & Ledoux, H 2024, cjdb: A Simple, Fast, and Lean Database Solution for the CityGML Data Model. in TH Kolbe, A Donaubauer & C Beil (eds), Recent Advances in 3D Geoinformation Science: Proceedings of the 18th 3D GeoInfo Conference. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, Springer, Cham, pp. 781-796, 18th 3D Geoinfo Conference, Munich, Bavaria, Germany, 12/09/23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43699-4_47

cjdb: A Simple, Fast, and Lean Database Solution for the CityGML Data Model. / Powałka, Leon; Poon, Chris; Xia, Yitong et al.
Recent Advances in 3D Geoinformation Science: Proceedings of the 18th 3D GeoInfo Conference. ed. / Thomas H. Kolbe; Andreas Donaubauer; Christof Beil. Cham: Springer, 2024. p. 781-796 (Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - cjdb

T2 - 18th 3D Geoinfo Conference

AU - Powałka, Leon

AU - Poon, Chris

AU - Xia, Yitong

AU - Meines, Siebren

AU - Yan, Lan

AU - Cai, Yuduan

AU - Stavropoulou, Gina

AU - Dukai, Balázs

AU - Ledoux, Hugo

N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - When it comes to storing 3D city models in a database, the implementation of the CityGML data model can be quite demanding and often results in complicated schemas. As an example, 3DCityDB, a widely used solution, depends on a schema having 66 tables, mapping closely the CityGML architecture. In this paper, we propose an alternative (called ‘cjdb’) for storing CityGML models efficiently in PostgreSQL with a much simpler table structure and data model design (only 3 tables are necessary). This is achieved by storing the attributes and geometries of the objects directly in JSON. In the case of the geometries we thus adopt the Simple Feature paradigm and we use the structure of CityJSON. We compare our solution against 3DCityDB with large real-world 3D city models, and we find that cjdb has significantly lower demands in storage space (around a factor of 10), allows for faster import/export of data, and has a comparable data retrieval speed with some queries being faster and some slower. The accompanying software (importer and exporter) is available at https://github.com/cityjson/cjdb/ under a permissive open-source license.

AB - When it comes to storing 3D city models in a database, the implementation of the CityGML data model can be quite demanding and often results in complicated schemas. As an example, 3DCityDB, a widely used solution, depends on a schema having 66 tables, mapping closely the CityGML architecture. In this paper, we propose an alternative (called ‘cjdb’) for storing CityGML models efficiently in PostgreSQL with a much simpler table structure and data model design (only 3 tables are necessary). This is achieved by storing the attributes and geometries of the objects directly in JSON. In the case of the geometries we thus adopt the Simple Feature paradigm and we use the structure of CityJSON. We compare our solution against 3DCityDB with large real-world 3D city models, and we find that cjdb has significantly lower demands in storage space (around a factor of 10), allows for faster import/export of data, and has a comparable data retrieval speed with some queries being faster and some slower. The accompanying software (importer and exporter) is available at https://github.com/cityjson/cjdb/ under a permissive open-source license.

KW - CityGML

KW - 3DCityDB

KW - 3D modelling

KW - DBMS

KW - CityJSON

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85188269724&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/978-3-031-43699-4_47

DO - 10.1007/978-3-031-43699-4_47

M3 - Conference contribution

SN - 978-3-031-43698-7

SN - 978-3-031-43701-4

T3 - Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography

SP - 781

EP - 796

BT - Recent Advances in 3D Geoinformation Science

A2 - Kolbe, Thomas H.

A2 - Donaubauer, Andreas

A2 - Beil, Christof

PB - Springer

CY - Cham

Y2 - 12 September 2023 through 14 September 2023

ER -

Powałka L, Poon C, Xia Y, Meines S, Yan L, Cai Y et al. cjdb: A Simple, Fast, and Lean Database Solution for the CityGML Data Model. In Kolbe TH, Donaubauer A, Beil C, editors, Recent Advances in 3D Geoinformation Science: Proceedings of the 18th 3D GeoInfo Conference. Cham: Springer. 2024. p. 781-796. (Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography). doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-43699-4_47

cjdb: A Simple, Fast, and Lean Database Solution for the CityGML Data Model

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Embargoed Document

Fingerprint

Cite this