Accumulation of floating particles at hydraulic structures

Plastic pollution is a threat for all ecosystems due to its effects on people, animals, and environment (Mai et al., 2020). Rivers are estimated to transport around 0.5 millions tons of plastic per year (Strokal et al., 2023). When plastic enters a river system, it is transported downstream towards the sea but it is also likely to accumulate at specific cross sections and locations, including hydraulic structures (Al-Zawaidah et al., 2021), eventually increasing the risk of floods.
Gates, locks, weirs, and bridges are commonly present in rivers and canals and have several functions, including water level reg-ulation, flood safety, and inland water shipping. These can also be found in water treatment plants, hydropower stations as well as debris/plastic collection systems (Honingh et al., 2020). Riverine plastic accumulation is also known to cause geomorphic changes (Al-Zawaidah et al., 2021).
In-depth knowledge on how plastic particles accumulate upstream of hydraulic structures is therefore crucial to understand the processes that affect plastic transport, its influence on the safety and functionality of hydraulic structures and their effects on the hydro- and morphody-namic conditions of the flow (Yan Toe et al., 2022).
In this research experiments were performed using simplified plastic particles to analyse the processes that lead to the instability of accumulated particles upstream of a simple gate.