A Systematic Review and Classification of Glazing Technologies for Building Façades

High-performance glazing technologies are essential for achieving the occupant comfort and building energy efficiency required in contemporary and future buildings. In real-world applications, glazing façades are selected from a steadily increasing number of glazing technologies. However, the authors could not identify a systematic and comprehensive review and classification of glazing technologies in the literature. This creates a barrier when comparing typologically different glazing technologies and combining multiple technologies in a glazing unit. This paper provides a systematic review and classification of established and emerging glazing technologies based on publications from 2001–2022 which were interpreted following the PRISMA methodology. This study reveals that the majority of high-performance glazing systems used in practice are in multi-layer glazing configurations and that the glazing system performance can focus on including additional and multiple functionalities, which aim at improving overall building performance. It was also found that there is a large potential for improvement of multilayer, evacuated, aerogels, electrochromic, and solar cell glazing by incorporating other technologies or innovative materials in multi-layer glazing units for either improving existing technologies or for the development of new ones. However, their longevity, robustness, and cost affordability should be ensured.