Blockchain-Based Distributed and Secure Digital Forensic Investigation Systems

Lawful evidence management by law enforcement agencies during the Digital Forensics (DF) investigation is of supreme importance since it convicts suspects of crimes. Therefore, a secure and efficient evidence management system should have certain features such as tamper-resistant, traceability, auditability, privacy preservation, and fine-grained access control. Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art DF is facing new challenges due to the recent technological advancements in various areas, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), communication technologies, and cloud computing, which are heavily being used in our daily lives. These technologies are also the primary sources for evidence extraction in most crimes. Hence, forensic experts need novel tools and methodologies to keep pace with these new technologies. The inherent properties of blockchain, such as transparency, immutability, secure anonymity, and auditability, make it a suitable solution to address DF’s new challenges. To this end, we provide a compact survey on state-of-the-art blockchain-based DF investigation techniques along with their advantages and disadvantages. We will discuss all critical issues and challenges involved in forensic investigations and evidence management systems, focusing on security and privacy challenges. Moreover, blockchain-based solutions that target specific service areas such as IoT and cloud computing forensics will be discussed in detail due to their usage in many application domains. Finally, we will present the challenges that existing blockchain-based forensics solutions face, along with possible ways of addressing them.