Classifying Pathways for Smart City Development: Comparing Design, Governance and Implementation in Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dubai, and Abu Dhabi

Social Sciences

• communication technology 15%
• driver 15%
• governance 50%
• inclusion 13%
• information technology 13%
• innovation 12%
• input-output model 31%
• Internet 11%
• leadership 12%
• optimism 19%
• paradigm 12%
• Persian Gulf 90%
• research planning 15%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• analysis 1%
• city 15%
• development pattern 8%
• information and communication technology 8%
• innovation 6%
• leadership 7%
• need 3%
• policy 12%
• project 7%
• smart city 100%
• social inclusion 11%
• world 3%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Communication 3%
• Industry 3%
• Information technology 6%
• Internet of things 5%
• Smart city 83%