Design Formulas for Flat Gradient Index Lenses with Planar or Spherical Output Wavefront

Weiya  Hu; Caspar M. Coco Martin; Daniele  Cavallo

doi:10.1109/TAP.2024.3363433

Design Formulas for Flat Gradient Index Lenses with Planar or Spherical Output Wavefront

Weiya Hu, Caspar M. Coco Martin, Daniele Cavallo^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Tera-Hertz Sensing

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

A semi-analytical method is presented for the design of gradient index (GRIN) flat lenses. Closed-form expressions are derived to define the refractive index distribution of the lens, for several cases: collimating lenses with on-axis feed, collimating lenses with off-axis feed, lenses converting spherical wavefronts with different wavenumbers, lenses changing the focal number of a quasi-optical system, and Fresnel zone lenses. The design equations are validated by ray-tracing simulations in inhomogeneous media, implemented by numerical solution of the Eikonal equation.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2555-2563
Number of pages	9
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Volume	72
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3363433
Publication status	Published - 2024

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Keywords

geometrical optics
gradient indexes lenses
lens antennas
optical design
ray tracing

Access to Document

10.1109/TAP.2024.3363433

Cite this

@article{6d8dc39f14bc419eb77656328b984521,

title = "Design Formulas for Flat Gradient Index Lenses with Planar or Spherical Output Wavefront",

abstract = "A semi-analytical method is presented for the design of gradient index (GRIN) flat lenses. Closed-form expressions are derived to define the refractive index distribution of the lens, for several cases: collimating lenses with on-axis feed, collimating lenses with off-axis feed, lenses converting spherical wavefronts with different wavenumbers, lenses changing the focal number of a quasi-optical system, and Fresnel zone lenses. The design equations are validated by ray-tracing simulations in inhomogeneous media, implemented by numerical solution of the Eikonal equation.",

keywords = "geometrical optics, gradient indexes lenses, lens antennas, optical design, ray tracing",

author = "Weiya Hu and Martin, {Caspar M. Coco} and Daniele Cavallo",

note = "Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.",

year = "2024",

doi = "10.1109/TAP.2024.3363433",

language = "English",

volume = "72",

pages = "2555--2563",

journal = "IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation",

issn = "1558-2221",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Design Formulas for Flat Gradient Index Lenses with Planar or Spherical Output Wavefront

AU - Hu, Weiya

AU - Martin, Caspar M. Coco

AU - Cavallo, Daniele

N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - A semi-analytical method is presented for the design of gradient index (GRIN) flat lenses. Closed-form expressions are derived to define the refractive index distribution of the lens, for several cases: collimating lenses with on-axis feed, collimating lenses with off-axis feed, lenses converting spherical wavefronts with different wavenumbers, lenses changing the focal number of a quasi-optical system, and Fresnel zone lenses. The design equations are validated by ray-tracing simulations in inhomogeneous media, implemented by numerical solution of the Eikonal equation.

AB - A semi-analytical method is presented for the design of gradient index (GRIN) flat lenses. Closed-form expressions are derived to define the refractive index distribution of the lens, for several cases: collimating lenses with on-axis feed, collimating lenses with off-axis feed, lenses converting spherical wavefronts with different wavenumbers, lenses changing the focal number of a quasi-optical system, and Fresnel zone lenses. The design equations are validated by ray-tracing simulations in inhomogeneous media, implemented by numerical solution of the Eikonal equation.

KW - geometrical optics

KW - gradient indexes lenses

KW - lens antennas

KW - optical design

KW - ray tracing

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85184817186&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1109/TAP.2024.3363433

DO - 10.1109/TAP.2024.3363433

M3 - Article

SN - 1558-2221

VL - 72

SP - 2555

EP - 2563

JO - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

JF - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

IS - 3

ER -

Design Formulas for Flat Gradient Index Lenses with Planar or Spherical Output Wavefront

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Embargoed Document

Fingerprint

Cite this