Design Formulas for Flat Gradient Index Lenses with Planar or Spherical Output Wavefront

Weiya Hu, Caspar M. Coco Martin, Daniele Cavallo*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

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Abstract

A semi-analytical method is presented for the design of gradient index (GRIN) flat lenses. Closed-form expressions are derived to define the refractive index distribution of the lens, for several cases: collimating lenses with on-axis feed, collimating lenses with off-axis feed, lenses converting spherical wavefronts with different wavenumbers, lenses changing the focal number of a quasi-optical system, and Fresnel zone lenses. The design equations are validated by ray-tracing simulations in inhomogeneous media, implemented by numerical solution of the Eikonal equation.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2555-2563
Number of pages9
JournalIEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Volume72
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2024

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Keywords

  • geometrical optics
  • gradient indexes lenses
  • lens antennas
  • optical design
  • ray tracing

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