Effectiveness of UV-C light irradiation on disinfection of an eSOSÂ® smart toilet evaluated in a temporary settlement in the Philippines

Fiona Zakaria; Bertin Harelimana; Josip Ćurko; Jack van de Vossenberg; Hector A. Garcia; Christine Maria Hooijmans; Damir Brdjanovic

doi:10.1080/09603123.2016.1217313

Effectiveness of UV-C light irradiation on disinfection of an eSOS^Â® smart toilet evaluated in a temporary settlement in the Philippines

Fiona Zakaria^*, Bertin Harelimana, Josip Ćurko, Jack van de Vossenberg, Hector A. Garcia, Christine Maria Hooijmans, Damir Brdjanovic

^*Corresponding author for this work

BT/Environmental Biotechnology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Ultraviolet germicidal (short wavelength UV-C) light was studied as surface disinfectant in an Emergency Sanitation Operation System^Â® smart toilet to aid to the work of manual cleaning. The UV-C light was installed and regulated as a self-cleaning feature of the toilet, which automatically irradiate after each toilet use. Two experimental phases were conducted i.e. preparatory phase consists of tests under laboratory conditions and field testing phase. The laboratory UV test indicated that irradiation for 10Â min with medium–low intensity of 0.15–0.4Â W/m² could achieve 6.5 log removal of Escherichia coli. Field testing of the toilet under real usage found that UV-C irradiation was capable to inactivate total coliform at toilet surfaces within 167-cm distance from the UV-C lamp (UV-C dose between 1.88 and 2.74Â mW). UV-C irradiation is most effective with the support of effective manual cleaning. Application of UV-C for surface disinfection in emergency toilets could potentially reduce public health risks.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	536-553
Number of pages	18
Journal	International Journal of Environmental Health Research
Volume	26
Issue number	5-6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2016.1217313
Publication status	Published - 2016

Keywords

emergencies
field test
surface disinfection
toilet
UV

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1080/09603123.2016.1217313

Cite this

Zakaria, F., Harelimana, B., Ćurko, J., van de Vossenberg, J., Garcia, H. A., Hooijmans, C. M., & Brdjanovic, D. (2016). Effectiveness of UV-C light irradiation on disinfection of an eSOS^Â® smart toilet evaluated in a temporary settlement in the Philippines. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 26(5-6), 536-553. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2016.1217313

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title = "Effectiveness of UV-C light irradiation on disinfection of an eSOS{\^A}{\textregistered} smart toilet evaluated in a temporary settlement in the Philippines",

abstract = "Ultraviolet germicidal (short wavelength UV-C) light was studied as surface disinfectant in an Emergency Sanitation Operation System{\^A}{\textregistered} smart toilet to aid to the work of manual cleaning. The UV-C light was installed and regulated as a self-cleaning feature of the toilet, which automatically irradiate after each toilet use. Two experimental phases were conducted i.e. preparatory phase consists of tests under laboratory conditions and field testing phase. The laboratory UV test indicated that irradiation for 10{\^A} min with medium–low intensity of 0.15–0.4{\^A} W/m2 could achieve 6.5 log removal of Escherichia coli. Field testing of the toilet under real usage found that UV-C irradiation was capable to inactivate total coliform at toilet surfaces within 167-cm distance from the UV-C lamp (UV-C dose between 1.88 and 2.74{\^A} mW). UV-C irradiation is most effective with the support of effective manual cleaning. Application of UV-C for surface disinfection in emergency toilets could potentially reduce public health risks.",

keywords = "emergencies, field test, surface disinfection, toilet, UV",

author = "Fiona Zakaria and Bertin Harelimana and Josip {\'C}urko and {van de Vossenberg}, Jack and Garcia, {Hector A.} and Hooijmans, {Christine Maria} and Damir Brdjanovic",

year = "2016",

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Zakaria, F, Harelimana, B, Ćurko, J, van de Vossenberg, J, Garcia, HA, Hooijmans, CM & Brdjanovic, D 2016, 'Effectiveness of UV-C light irradiation on disinfection of an eSOS^Â® smart toilet evaluated in a temporary settlement in the Philippines', International Journal of Environmental Health Research, vol. 26, no. 5-6, pp. 536-553. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2016.1217313

Effectiveness of UV-C light irradiation on disinfection of an eSOS^Â® smart toilet evaluated in a temporary settlement in the Philippines. / Zakaria, Fiona; Harelimana, Bertin; Ćurko, Josip et al.
In: International Journal of Environmental Health Research, Vol. 26, No. 5-6, 2016, p. 536-553.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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