TY - JOUR
T1 - Fabrication of low thermal expansion Fe–Ni alloys by in-situ alloying using twin-wire arc additive manufacturing
AU - Sood, Arjun
AU - Schimmel, Jim
AU - Bosman, Marko
AU - Goulas, Constantinos
AU - Popovich, Vera
AU - Hermans, Marcel J.M.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - The binary Fe–Ni system offers alloys with notably low linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), contingent upon their Ni content. In this respect twin-wire arc additive manufacturing (T-WAAM) presents the opportunity of in-situ alloying through the simultaneous feeding of two metal wires into a weld pool to obtain desired alloy compositions. This study aims to deposit a graded wall with Ni contents targeted at 42, 46, and 52 wt% in the building direction of the wall, along with a block comprising of 46 wt% Ni, employing the T-WAAM approach. The results show effective incorporation of additional Ni into the weld pool and geometrically stable weld beads in the continuous metal transfer mode during the T-WAAM process. This mode led to the defect-free and chemically stable deposition of the graded wall and the block with average Ni contents of 42.3 ± 1.1, 45.8 ± 1.4, 52.6 ± 0.8 wt%, and 46.4 ± 0.9 wt%, respectively. The measured Curie temperatures of the as-deposited alloys and the mean CTE values of alloy 46 were found to be comparable to the commercial alloys. In summary, this study validates the feasibility of in-situ deposition of low thermal expansion alloy compositions, thereby enabling the possibility of on-demand thermal expansion properties.
AB - The binary Fe–Ni system offers alloys with notably low linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), contingent upon their Ni content. In this respect twin-wire arc additive manufacturing (T-WAAM) presents the opportunity of in-situ alloying through the simultaneous feeding of two metal wires into a weld pool to obtain desired alloy compositions. This study aims to deposit a graded wall with Ni contents targeted at 42, 46, and 52 wt% in the building direction of the wall, along with a block comprising of 46 wt% Ni, employing the T-WAAM approach. The results show effective incorporation of additional Ni into the weld pool and geometrically stable weld beads in the continuous metal transfer mode during the T-WAAM process. This mode led to the defect-free and chemically stable deposition of the graded wall and the block with average Ni contents of 42.3 ± 1.1, 45.8 ± 1.4, 52.6 ± 0.8 wt%, and 46.4 ± 0.9 wt%, respectively. The measured Curie temperatures of the as-deposited alloys and the mean CTE values of alloy 46 were found to be comparable to the commercial alloys. In summary, this study validates the feasibility of in-situ deposition of low thermal expansion alloy compositions, thereby enabling the possibility of on-demand thermal expansion properties.
KW - Fe-Ni alloys
KW - Functional grading
KW - In-situ alloying
KW - T-WAAM
KW - Thermal expansion
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85188801745&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112837
DO - 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112837
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85188801745
SN - 0264-1275
VL - 240
JO - Materials and Design
JF - Materials and Design
M1 - 112837
ER -