TY - JOUR
T1 - Flame retardant property of flax fabrics coated by extracellular polymeric substances recovered from both activated sludge and aerobic granular sludge
AU - Kim, Nam Kyeun
AU - Mao, Ningtao
AU - Lin, Richard
AU - Bhattacharyya, Debes
AU - van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M.
AU - Lin, Yuemei
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - In this research, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as EPSflocs and EPSgranules, were successfully extracted from activated and aerobic granular sludge, respectively, and tested as bio-based flame retardant materials. Flax fabric was coated by the biopolymeric substances and its flammability was evaluated based on a vertical burning test defined in US Federal Aviation Regulation. Both EPSflocs and EPSgranules coated flax fabrics achieved the self-extinguishment due to effective char formation. In particular, the result of the EPSgranules coated sample met the aviation requirements for the aircraft interior. Moreover, the presence of carbonated hydroxyapatite was identified in EPSgranules char residue by using FTIR and XRD analysis. It can contribute to the self-extinguishing property of the fabric by enhancing char formation. Thermogravimetric analysis also demonstrated that EPSgranules coated flax was able to produce greater amount of char residue and its decomposition rate was significantly reduced. This research indicates that there is a great potential to use this biopolymer as a resource for developing high performance bio-inspired flame retardant materials and contribute to a circular economy.
AB - In this research, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as EPSflocs and EPSgranules, were successfully extracted from activated and aerobic granular sludge, respectively, and tested as bio-based flame retardant materials. Flax fabric was coated by the biopolymeric substances and its flammability was evaluated based on a vertical burning test defined in US Federal Aviation Regulation. Both EPSflocs and EPSgranules coated flax fabrics achieved the self-extinguishment due to effective char formation. In particular, the result of the EPSgranules coated sample met the aviation requirements for the aircraft interior. Moreover, the presence of carbonated hydroxyapatite was identified in EPSgranules char residue by using FTIR and XRD analysis. It can contribute to the self-extinguishing property of the fabric by enhancing char formation. Thermogravimetric analysis also demonstrated that EPSgranules coated flax was able to produce greater amount of char residue and its decomposition rate was significantly reduced. This research indicates that there is a great potential to use this biopolymer as a resource for developing high performance bio-inspired flame retardant materials and contribute to a circular economy.
KW - Aerobic granular sludge
KW - Extracellular polymeric substance
KW - Flame retardant
KW - Flax fabric
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075951019&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115344
DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115344
M3 - Article
C2 - 31812817
SN - 0043-1354
VL - 170
JO - Water Research
JF - Water Research
M1 - 115344
ER -