Focal Plane Array of Shaped Quartz Lenses for Wide Field-of-view Sub-millimeter Imaging Systems

Huasheng Zhang; Shahab Oddin Dabironezare; Jochem J.A. Baselmans; Nuria Llombart

doi:10.1109/TAP.2023.3334391

Focal Plane Array of Shaped Quartz Lenses for Wide Field-of-view Sub-millimeter Imaging Systems

Huasheng Zhang^*, Shahab Oddin Dabironezare, Jochem J.A. Baselmans, Nuria Llombart

^*Corresponding author for this work

Tera-Hertz Sensing

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

Large format focal plane arrays (FPAs) of dielectric lenses are promising candidates for wide field-of-view submillimeter imagers. In this work, we optimize the scanning gain of such imagers via shaping lens surfaces. We develop an optimization procedure using a field correlation technique between the fields generated by a reflector on the top of the lenses and those generated by the lens feeds. Based on this procedure, an FPA of quartz lens antennas combined with leaky-wave feeds is designed to efficiently illuminate the reflector, achieving a directivity of 50.5 dBi up to scanning 20.3°. The obtained scanning gain loss of 2.6 dB is much lower than that associated with the direct fields coming from the reflector (about 6 dB). The proposed FPA is validated by full-wave simulations with excellent agreement. We have fabricated and measured an example shaped quartz lens optimized for the scanning angle of 20.3° at 180 GHz. The comparison between the simulations and the measurements also shows excellent agreement.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1263-1274
Number of pages	12
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Volume	72
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2023.3334391
Publication status	Published - 2023

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Keywords

Field correlation
focal plane arrays (FPAs)
leaky-wave antennas (LWAs)
lens antennas
lens shaping
quartz lenses
sub-millimeter imaging

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10.1109/TAP.2023.3334391

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title = "Focal Plane Array of Shaped Quartz Lenses for Wide Field-of-view Sub-millimeter Imaging Systems",

abstract = "Large format focal plane arrays (FPAs) of dielectric lenses are promising candidates for wide field-of-view submillimeter imagers. In this work, we optimize the scanning gain of such imagers via shaping lens surfaces. We develop an optimization procedure using a field correlation technique between the fields generated by a reflector on the top of the lenses and those generated by the lens feeds. Based on this procedure, an FPA of quartz lens antennas combined with leaky-wave feeds is designed to efficiently illuminate the reflector, achieving a directivity of 50.5 dBi up to scanning 20.3°. The obtained scanning gain loss of 2.6 dB is much lower than that associated with the direct fields coming from the reflector (about 6 dB). The proposed FPA is validated by full-wave simulations with excellent agreement. We have fabricated and measured an example shaped quartz lens optimized for the scanning angle of 20.3° at 180 GHz. The comparison between the simulations and the measurements also shows excellent agreement.",

keywords = "Field correlation, focal plane arrays (FPAs), leaky-wave antennas (LWAs), lens antennas, lens shaping, quartz lenses, sub-millimeter imaging",

author = "Huasheng Zhang and Dabironezare, {Shahab Oddin} and Baselmans, {Jochem J.A.} and Nuria Llombart",

note = "Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.",

year = "2023",

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AU - Zhang, Huasheng

AU - Dabironezare, Shahab Oddin

AU - Baselmans, Jochem J.A.

AU - Llombart, Nuria

N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Large format focal plane arrays (FPAs) of dielectric lenses are promising candidates for wide field-of-view submillimeter imagers. In this work, we optimize the scanning gain of such imagers via shaping lens surfaces. We develop an optimization procedure using a field correlation technique between the fields generated by a reflector on the top of the lenses and those generated by the lens feeds. Based on this procedure, an FPA of quartz lens antennas combined with leaky-wave feeds is designed to efficiently illuminate the reflector, achieving a directivity of 50.5 dBi up to scanning 20.3°. The obtained scanning gain loss of 2.6 dB is much lower than that associated with the direct fields coming from the reflector (about 6 dB). The proposed FPA is validated by full-wave simulations with excellent agreement. We have fabricated and measured an example shaped quartz lens optimized for the scanning angle of 20.3° at 180 GHz. The comparison between the simulations and the measurements also shows excellent agreement.

AB - Large format focal plane arrays (FPAs) of dielectric lenses are promising candidates for wide field-of-view submillimeter imagers. In this work, we optimize the scanning gain of such imagers via shaping lens surfaces. We develop an optimization procedure using a field correlation technique between the fields generated by a reflector on the top of the lenses and those generated by the lens feeds. Based on this procedure, an FPA of quartz lens antennas combined with leaky-wave feeds is designed to efficiently illuminate the reflector, achieving a directivity of 50.5 dBi up to scanning 20.3°. The obtained scanning gain loss of 2.6 dB is much lower than that associated with the direct fields coming from the reflector (about 6 dB). The proposed FPA is validated by full-wave simulations with excellent agreement. We have fabricated and measured an example shaped quartz lens optimized for the scanning angle of 20.3° at 180 GHz. The comparison between the simulations and the measurements also shows excellent agreement.

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Focal Plane Array of Shaped Quartz Lenses for Wide Field-of-view Sub-millimeter Imaging Systems

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