In-series sample methodology for permeability characterization demonstrated on carbon nanotube-grafted alumina textiles

Jeroen Staal; Baris Caglar; Travis Hank; Brian L. Wardle; Larissa Gorbatikh; Stepan V. Lomov; Véronique Michaud

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106631

In-series sample methodology for permeability characterization demonstrated on carbon nanotube-grafted alumina textiles

Jeroen Staal, Baris Caglar, Travis Hank, Brian L. Wardle, Larissa Gorbatikh, Stepan V. Lomov, Véronique Michaud^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Aerospace Manufacturing Technologies

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Abstract

In-plane permeability of small area (100 × 50 mm) alumina fiber woven fabrics grafted with aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) was quantified by placing them in series with a glass mat of known permeability during a flow experiment. The methodology was first validated on a reference woven textile. Permeability values matched those obtained by a direct method within a margin of ±15%. Permeabilities of radial-aligned (short CNT, SCNT) and so-called ‘Mohawk’ (long CNT, LCNT) morphologies of the CNT-grafted samples were then measured and compared to the non-grafted alumina, showing a decrease attributed to a change in local textile structure as assessed in previous studies. Unsaturated permeability decreased by 77% after SCNT- and 88% after LCNT-grafting, while saturated permeability further decreased by 90% and 93%, respectively. The high ratio of unsaturated to saturated permeability (in the range of 1.14 – 2.89) implies that capillary wicking contributes largely to the impregnation of CNT-grafted fabrics.

Original language	English
Article number	106631
Journal	Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
Volume	150
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106631
Publication status	Published - 2021

Funding

We acknowledge the Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research (SCCER) Mobility of the Swiss Innovation Agency (Innosuisse) and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF-182669) for financial support. This work was partially supported by Airbus, ANSYS, Embraer, Lockheed Martin, Saab AB, Saertex, and Teijin Carbon America through MIT's Nano-Engineered Composite aerospace Structures (NECST) consortium. The KU Leuven team acknowledges the university funding in the framework of the C2 PERMEA C24/16/021 project. Stepan V. Lomov is em. prof. of the Toray Chair for Composite Materials at KU Leuven, the support of which is greatly acknowledged.

Keywords

A. Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers
A. Nanocomposites
B. Permeability
E. Liquid composite molding

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10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106631

1-s2.0-S1359835X21003493-mainFinal published version, 8.08 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

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title = "In-series sample methodology for permeability characterization demonstrated on carbon nanotube-grafted alumina textiles",

abstract = "In-plane permeability of small area (100 × 50 mm) alumina fiber woven fabrics grafted with aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) was quantified by placing them in series with a glass mat of known permeability during a flow experiment. The methodology was first validated on a reference woven textile. Permeability values matched those obtained by a direct method within a margin of ±15%. Permeabilities of radial-aligned (short CNT, SCNT) and so-called {\textquoteleft}Mohawk{\textquoteright} (long CNT, LCNT) morphologies of the CNT-grafted samples were then measured and compared to the non-grafted alumina, showing a decrease attributed to a change in local textile structure as assessed in previous studies. Unsaturated permeability decreased by 77% after SCNT- and 88% after LCNT-grafting, while saturated permeability further decreased by 90% and 93%, respectively. The high ratio of unsaturated to saturated permeability (in the range of 1.14 – 2.89) implies that capillary wicking contributes largely to the impregnation of CNT-grafted fabrics.",

keywords = "A. Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, A. Nanocomposites, B. Permeability, E. Liquid composite molding",

author = "Jeroen Staal and Baris Caglar and Travis Hank and Wardle, {Brian L.} and Larissa Gorbatikh and Lomov, {Stepan V.} and V{\'e}ronique Michaud",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106631",

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AU - Staal, Jeroen

AU - Caglar, Baris

AU - Hank, Travis

AU - Wardle, Brian L.

AU - Gorbatikh, Larissa

AU - Lomov, Stepan V.

AU - Michaud, Véronique

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - In-plane permeability of small area (100 × 50 mm) alumina fiber woven fabrics grafted with aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) was quantified by placing them in series with a glass mat of known permeability during a flow experiment. The methodology was first validated on a reference woven textile. Permeability values matched those obtained by a direct method within a margin of ±15%. Permeabilities of radial-aligned (short CNT, SCNT) and so-called ‘Mohawk’ (long CNT, LCNT) morphologies of the CNT-grafted samples were then measured and compared to the non-grafted alumina, showing a decrease attributed to a change in local textile structure as assessed in previous studies. Unsaturated permeability decreased by 77% after SCNT- and 88% after LCNT-grafting, while saturated permeability further decreased by 90% and 93%, respectively. The high ratio of unsaturated to saturated permeability (in the range of 1.14 – 2.89) implies that capillary wicking contributes largely to the impregnation of CNT-grafted fabrics.

AB - In-plane permeability of small area (100 × 50 mm) alumina fiber woven fabrics grafted with aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) was quantified by placing them in series with a glass mat of known permeability during a flow experiment. The methodology was first validated on a reference woven textile. Permeability values matched those obtained by a direct method within a margin of ±15%. Permeabilities of radial-aligned (short CNT, SCNT) and so-called ‘Mohawk’ (long CNT, LCNT) morphologies of the CNT-grafted samples were then measured and compared to the non-grafted alumina, showing a decrease attributed to a change in local textile structure as assessed in previous studies. Unsaturated permeability decreased by 77% after SCNT- and 88% after LCNT-grafting, while saturated permeability further decreased by 90% and 93%, respectively. The high ratio of unsaturated to saturated permeability (in the range of 1.14 – 2.89) implies that capillary wicking contributes largely to the impregnation of CNT-grafted fabrics.

KW - A. Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

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ER -

In-series sample methodology for permeability characterization demonstrated on carbon nanotube-grafted alumina textiles

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