Influence of temperature-induced A-site cation redistribution on the functional properties of A-site complex polar perovskite K_1/2Bi_1/2TiO₃

Tailoring the electromechanical properties of a material without altering the original composition is an emerging phenomenon for the optimization of functional properties. Post-sintering annealing with varying maximum temperatures, cooling rates, and atmospheres can influence the crystallographic phases, domain structures, conductivity, mechanical properties, and the temperature stability of the electromechanical properties. K_1/2Bi_1/2TiO₃ (KBT) is a high-temperature stable >280 °C A-site complex perovskite piezoelectric and is critical for high-temperature applications. However, the influence of annealing conditions on crystal structure, domain structure, and functional properties is not well-known. This work demonstrates the effect of annealing cooling rate and maximum temperature on the macroscopic electromechanical response as well as the crystal and domain structure. It is shown that the room-temperature state of KBT can be reversibly switched between the ferroelectric and relaxor state, where the slow cooling from 900 °C favors the stabilization of the relaxor state and quenching induces the ferroelectric state. Importantly, the quenched sample showed a stable piezoelectric coefficient up to 368 °C in the depolarization temperature, an increase of 78 °C. The origin of ferroelectric-relaxor state change is proposed to be related to the A-site cation redistribution and the associated change in the crystal structure and domain structure.