Local Infrastructure Assets and the Creation of Alternative Values

Cities are complex entities consisting of interwoven capital-intensive infrastructures that rely in turn on financial infrastructure. While infrastructure investments are based on specific measures, there is a need to understand alternative values related to infrastructure system interdependencies that would benefit the wider economy and society. This paper explores the application of industrial symbiosis and the circular economy to the development and management of local infrastructure assets through the analysis of four cases (two UK and 2 Dutch) that challenge conventional approaches. This paper explores the development of these holistic approaches including an analysis of values, finance and funding and the creation of alternative local infrastructure symbiotic business models.