Numerical Investigation of Turbidity Flows Generated by Polymetallic Nodules Mining

The depletion of terrestrial mineral deposits and the increasing demand for minerals are causing disruptions in the global supply chain. The shift towards renewable technologies requires significant quantities of metals used, for example, in the production of electric vehicles and wind turbines, putting additional strain on the supply chain. The deep seabed holds significant reserves of minerals that were discovered almost a century ago but remained untapped due to lack of technology and demand. However, with the current technological advances and demand, commercial extraction can be initiated in the coming years. Deep-sea mining poses several challenges due to the sensitive nature of the deep sea. The impact of mining operation on the surrounding region that can be affected from the generated turbidity flow can cause significant harm to the delicate marine ecosystem....