TY - JOUR
T1 - Out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles
T2 - A benchmark exercise
AU - Yong, A. X.H.
AU - Aktas, A.
AU - Endruweit, A.
AU - Advani, S.
AU - Akhatov, I.
AU - Allen, T.
AU - Bickerton, S.
AU - Dransfeld, C.
AU - Masania, K.
AU - More Authors, null
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - The out-of-plane permeability of two glass fibre fabrics was measured by 26 institutions using silicone oil as a test fluid. Participants in this study were free to select the test procedure, specimen dimensions and data analysis method, provided that testing was carried out at three target fibre volume fractions, 46%, 50% and 54%. While results showed a variability of two orders of magnitude between participants, most values were within a significantly narrower band. A majority of participants used 1D saturated test method. A few selected 1D unsaturated and 3D unsaturated flow method which gave very similar results. Focusing on analysis of data and results of 1D saturated flow measurements, results are not conclusive, but they are consistent with number of layers in a specimen, fibre volume fraction, injection pressure and sealing of specimen edges all having an effect on the measured permeability. Specifying limits for these parameters is expected to result in reduced scatter in measured permeability.
AB - The out-of-plane permeability of two glass fibre fabrics was measured by 26 institutions using silicone oil as a test fluid. Participants in this study were free to select the test procedure, specimen dimensions and data analysis method, provided that testing was carried out at three target fibre volume fractions, 46%, 50% and 54%. While results showed a variability of two orders of magnitude between participants, most values were within a significantly narrower band. A majority of participants used 1D saturated test method. A few selected 1D unsaturated and 3D unsaturated flow method which gave very similar results. Focusing on analysis of data and results of 1D saturated flow measurements, results are not conclusive, but they are consistent with number of layers in a specimen, fibre volume fraction, injection pressure and sealing of specimen edges all having an effect on the measured permeability. Specifying limits for these parameters is expected to result in reduced scatter in measured permeability.
KW - A. Fabric/textiles
KW - B. Permeability
KW - E. Liquid composite moulding
KW - E. Resin flow
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107730654&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480
DO - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85107730654
SN - 1359-835X
VL - 148
JO - Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
JF - Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
M1 - 106480
ER -