RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete: Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis

Gregor J.G. Gluth; Xinyuan Ke; Anya Vollpracht; Susan A. Bernal; Özlem Cizer; Martin Cyr; Katja Dombrowski-Daube; Dan Geddes; Marija Nedeljkovic; null More Authors

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21735-7_72

RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete: Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis

Gregor J.G. Gluth^*, Xinyuan Ke, Anya Vollpracht, Susan A. Bernal, Özlem Cizer, Martin Cyr, Katja Dombrowski-Daube, Dan Geddes, Marija Nedeljkovic, More Authors

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Materials and Environment

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Abstract

The current understanding of the carbonation of alkali-activated concretes is hampered inter alia by the wide range of binder chemistries used. To overcome some of the limitations of individual studies and to identify general correlations between their mix design parameters and carbonation resistance, the RILEM TC 281-CCC working group 6 compiled carbonation data for alkali-activated concretes and mortars from the literature. For comparison purposes, data for blended Portland cement-based concretes with a high percentage of SCMs (≥ 66% of the binder) were also included in the database. A preliminary analysis of the database indicates that w/CaO ratio and w/b ratio exert an influence on the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes but, contrary to what has been reported for concretes based on (blended) Portland cements, these are not good indicators of their carbonation resistance when considered individually. A better indicator of the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes under conditions approximating natural carbonation appears to be their w/(CaO + Na₂O + K₂O) ratio. Furthermore, the analysis points to significant shortcomings of tests at elevated CO₂ concentrations for low-Ca alkali-activated concretes, indicating that even at a concentration of 1% CO₂, the outcomes may lead to inaccurate predictions of the carbonation coefficient under natural exposure conditions.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021
Subtitle of host publication	Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials and Structures
Publisher	Springer
Pages	667-676
Number of pages	10
Volume	40
ISBN (Electronic)	978-3-031-21735-7
ISBN (Print)	978-3-031-21734-0
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21735-7_72
Publication status	Published - 2023

Publication series

Name	RILEM Bookseries
Volume	40
ISSN (Print)	2211-0844
ISSN (Electronic)	2211-0852

Bibliographical note

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care
Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Keywords

Accelerated testing
Alkali-activated materials
Carbonation
Natural exposure

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10.1007/978-3-031-21735-7_72

Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete—Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data AnalysisFinal published version, 628 KB

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Gluth, G. J. G., Ke, X., Vollpracht, A., Bernal, S. A., Cizer, Ö., Cyr, M., Dombrowski-Daube, K., Geddes, D., Nedeljkovic, M., & More Authors (2023). RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete: Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis. In Proceedings of the 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021: Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials and Structures (Vol. 40, pp. 667-676). (RILEM Bookseries; Vol. 40). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21735-7_72

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abstract = "The current understanding of the carbonation of alkali-activated concretes is hampered inter alia by the wide range of binder chemistries used. To overcome some of the limitations of individual studies and to identify general correlations between their mix design parameters and carbonation resistance, the RILEM TC 281-CCC working group 6 compiled carbonation data for alkali-activated concretes and mortars from the literature. For comparison purposes, data for blended Portland cement-based concretes with a high percentage of SCMs (≥ 66% of the binder) were also included in the database. A preliminary analysis of the database indicates that w/CaO ratio and w/b ratio exert an influence on the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes but, contrary to what has been reported for concretes based on (blended) Portland cements, these are not good indicators of their carbonation resistance when considered individually. A better indicator of the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes under conditions approximating natural carbonation appears to be their w/(CaO + Na2O + K2O) ratio. Furthermore, the analysis points to significant shortcomings of tests at elevated CO2 concentrations for low-Ca alkali-activated concretes, indicating that even at a concentration of 1% CO2, the outcomes may lead to inaccurate predictions of the carbonation coefficient under natural exposure conditions.",

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Gluth, GJG, Ke, X, Vollpracht, A, Bernal, SA, Cizer, Ö, Cyr, M, Dombrowski-Daube, K, Geddes, D, Nedeljkovic, M & More Authors 2023, RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete: Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis. in Proceedings of the 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021: Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials and Structures. vol. 40, RILEM Bookseries, vol. 40, Springer, pp. 667-676. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21735-7_72

RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete: Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis. / Gluth, Gregor J.G.; Ke, Xinyuan; Vollpracht, Anya et al.
Proceedings of the 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021: Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials and Structures. Vol. 40 Springer, 2023. p. 667-676 (RILEM Bookseries; Vol. 40).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Conference proceedings/Edited volume › Chapter › Scientific › peer-review

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AU - Ke, Xinyuan

AU - Vollpracht, Anya

AU - Bernal, Susan A.

AU - Cizer, Özlem

AU - Cyr, Martin

AU - Dombrowski-Daube, Katja

AU - Geddes, Dan

AU - Nedeljkovic, Marija

AU - More Authors, null

N1 - Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - The current understanding of the carbonation of alkali-activated concretes is hampered inter alia by the wide range of binder chemistries used. To overcome some of the limitations of individual studies and to identify general correlations between their mix design parameters and carbonation resistance, the RILEM TC 281-CCC working group 6 compiled carbonation data for alkali-activated concretes and mortars from the literature. For comparison purposes, data for blended Portland cement-based concretes with a high percentage of SCMs (≥ 66% of the binder) were also included in the database. A preliminary analysis of the database indicates that w/CaO ratio and w/b ratio exert an influence on the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes but, contrary to what has been reported for concretes based on (blended) Portland cements, these are not good indicators of their carbonation resistance when considered individually. A better indicator of the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes under conditions approximating natural carbonation appears to be their w/(CaO + Na2O + K2O) ratio. Furthermore, the analysis points to significant shortcomings of tests at elevated CO2 concentrations for low-Ca alkali-activated concretes, indicating that even at a concentration of 1% CO2, the outcomes may lead to inaccurate predictions of the carbonation coefficient under natural exposure conditions.

AB - The current understanding of the carbonation of alkali-activated concretes is hampered inter alia by the wide range of binder chemistries used. To overcome some of the limitations of individual studies and to identify general correlations between their mix design parameters and carbonation resistance, the RILEM TC 281-CCC working group 6 compiled carbonation data for alkali-activated concretes and mortars from the literature. For comparison purposes, data for blended Portland cement-based concretes with a high percentage of SCMs (≥ 66% of the binder) were also included in the database. A preliminary analysis of the database indicates that w/CaO ratio and w/b ratio exert an influence on the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes but, contrary to what has been reported for concretes based on (blended) Portland cements, these are not good indicators of their carbonation resistance when considered individually. A better indicator of the carbonation resistance of alkali-activated concretes under conditions approximating natural carbonation appears to be their w/(CaO + Na2O + K2O) ratio. Furthermore, the analysis points to significant shortcomings of tests at elevated CO2 concentrations for low-Ca alkali-activated concretes, indicating that even at a concentration of 1% CO2, the outcomes may lead to inaccurate predictions of the carbonation coefficient under natural exposure conditions.

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Gluth GJG, Ke X, Vollpracht A, Bernal SA, Cizer Ö, Cyr M et al. RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete: Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis. In Proceedings of the 75th RILEM Annual Week 2021: Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials and Structures. Vol. 40. Springer. 2023. p. 667-676. (RILEM Bookseries). doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-21735-7_72

RILEM TC 281-CCC Working Group 6: Carbonation of Alkali Activated Concrete: Preliminary Results of a Literature Survey and Data Analysis

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