Tuning stability of titania-supported Fischer-Tropsch catalysts: Impact of surface area and noble metal promotion

Cobalt oxidation is a relevant deactivation pathway of titania-supported cobalt catalysts used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). To work towards more stable catalysts, we studied the effect of the surface area of the titania support and noble metal promotion on cobalt oxidation under simulated high conversion conditions. Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to follow the evolution of cobalt during reduction and FTS operation as a function of the steam pressure. The reduction of the oxidic cobalt precursor becomes more difficult due to stronger metal-support interactions when the titania surface area is increased. The reducibility was so low for cobalt on GP350 titania (surface area 283 m²/g) that the catalytical activity was negligible. Although cobalt was more difficult to reduce on P90 titania (94 m²/g) than on commonly used P25 titania (50 m²/g), the Co/P90 catalyst showed increased resistance against cobalt sintering and higher FTS performance than Co/P25. The addition of platinum to Co/P90 led to a higher reduction degree of cobalt and a higher cobalt dispersion, representing a catalyst with promising performance at relatively low steam pressure. Nevertheless, the stronger cobalt-titania interactions result in more extensive deactivation at high steam pressure due to oxidation.