Ultra-Compact, Entirely Graphene-based Nonlinear Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Spiking Neuron

Designing and implementing artificial neuromorphic systems, which can provide biocompatible interfacing, or the human brain akin ability to efficiently process information, is paramount to the understanding of the human brain complex functionality. Energy-efficient, low-area, and biocompatible artificial neurons are key ubiquitous components of any large scale neural systems. Previous CMOS-based neurons implementations suffer from scalability drawbacks and cannot naturally mimic the analog behavior. Memristor and phase-changed neurons have variability-induced instability drawbacks, and usually rely on additional CMOS circuitry. However, graphene, despite its ballistic transport, inherently analog nature, and biocompatibility, which provide natural support for biologically plausible neuron implementations has only been considered for Boolean logic implementations. In this paper, we propose an ultra-compact, all graphene-based nonlinear Leaky Integrate-and-Fire spiking neuron. By means of SPICE simulations, we validate its basic functionality and investigate the output spikes response under stochastic noisy input spike trains with a variable firing rate, from 20 to 200 spikes per second. Simulation results indicate neuron robustness to noisy scenarios, and neuronal output firing regularity. The small area and the low energy consumption, due to 200mV supply voltage operation, can benefit the implementation of large scale neural networks, and the biologically plausible operating conditions (e.g., 2ms and 100mV spike duration and amplitude), can promote the interfacebility of graphene-based artificial neurons with biological counterparts.