TY - JOUR
T1 - Zinc Vaporization and Self-reduction Behavior of Industrial Waste Residues for Recycling to the HIsarna Furnace
AU - Kerry, Timothy
AU - Peters, A.G.A.
AU - Georgakopoulos, Evangelos
AU - Dugulan, Iulian
AU - Meijer, Koen
AU - Hage, Johannes
AU - Offerman, Erik
AU - Yang, Yongxiang
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Within the steelmaking industry, a large amount of zinc-bearing waste is produced which cannot be effectively treated through integrated steel mills. Concurrently, zinc smelters generate waste residues containing significant amounts of iron and zinc which are stored or landfilled. The zinc concentration of iron and steelmaking residues inhibits its recycling to the blast furnace but is insufficient to be sent directly to the zinc producers. Consequently, a means of up-concentration is required. The pilot HIsarna ironmaking furnace has shown potential for processing secondary iron-bearing resources. Furthermore, zinc can be concentrated in the off-gas flue dust, providing an enriched input for zinc smelters. The potential recyclability of blast furnace (BF) and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) dust and ‘goethite’ residue from the zinc industry has been studied. The input materials have been comprehensively characterized and their reduction–vaporization behavior, has been investigated. Individual samples were tested at temperatures of up to 1300 °C. Here, it was shown that minimal reduction of iron and volatilization of zinc occurred in the goethite and BOF samples. Conversely, even at 1000 °C, the BF dust showed complete reduction of iron and removal of zinc within 30 min. This was due to its high carbon content (40 wt%) which can act as a reductant. Consequently, mixtures of BOF dust and goethite with BF dust were studied. It has been shown that mixtures of 30:70 BF dust to goethite and 20:80 BF dust to BOF dust are suitable for recovering zinc to the gas phase and fully reducing the contained iron. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
AB - Within the steelmaking industry, a large amount of zinc-bearing waste is produced which cannot be effectively treated through integrated steel mills. Concurrently, zinc smelters generate waste residues containing significant amounts of iron and zinc which are stored or landfilled. The zinc concentration of iron and steelmaking residues inhibits its recycling to the blast furnace but is insufficient to be sent directly to the zinc producers. Consequently, a means of up-concentration is required. The pilot HIsarna ironmaking furnace has shown potential for processing secondary iron-bearing resources. Furthermore, zinc can be concentrated in the off-gas flue dust, providing an enriched input for zinc smelters. The potential recyclability of blast furnace (BF) and basic oxygen furnace (BOF) dust and ‘goethite’ residue from the zinc industry has been studied. The input materials have been comprehensively characterized and their reduction–vaporization behavior, has been investigated. Individual samples were tested at temperatures of up to 1300 °C. Here, it was shown that minimal reduction of iron and volatilization of zinc occurred in the goethite and BOF samples. Conversely, even at 1000 °C, the BF dust showed complete reduction of iron and removal of zinc within 30 min. This was due to its high carbon content (40 wt%) which can act as a reductant. Consequently, mixtures of BOF dust and goethite with BF dust were studied. It has been shown that mixtures of 30:70 BF dust to goethite and 20:80 BF dust to BOF dust are suitable for recovering zinc to the gas phase and fully reducing the contained iron. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
KW - Flue dusts
KW - HIsarna ironmaking
KW - Recycling
KW - Self-reduction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125714866&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s40831-021-00440-5
DO - 10.1007/s40831-021-00440-5
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85125714866
SN - 2199-3823
VL - 8
SP - 658
EP - 672
JO - Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
JF - Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
IS - 2
ER -