Abstract
This paper proposes a model for charge scheduling of electric vehicles in last-mile distribution that takes into account battery degradation. A mixed integer linear programming formulation is proposed that minimizes labor, battery degradation and time-dependent energy costs. The benefit of implementing charge schedule optimization is assessed for a real-life case study at e-grocer Picnic. It is shown that charging optimization yields an overall reduction of charging costs by 25.2% when compared to the current operational charging performance. Furthermore, the impacts of three different shift schedule types, the increase in vehicle battery size and the coordinated charging are investigated. It turns out that more energy demanding shift schedules result in higher average charging cost per charged amount of energy. The introduction of a larger battery size as well as coordinated charging show potential for decreasing overall costs.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Proceedings of the 2020 Forum on Integrated and Sustainable Transportation Systems, FISTS 2020 |
Place of Publication | Piscataway, NJ, USA |
Publisher | IEEE |
Pages | 236-241 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 978-1-7281-9503-2 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2020 |
Event | 2020 Forum on Integrated and Sustainable Transportation Systems, FISTS 2020 - Delft, Netherlands Duration: 3 Nov 2020 → 5 Nov 2020 |
Conference
Conference | 2020 Forum on Integrated and Sustainable Transportation Systems, FISTS 2020 |
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Country/Territory | Netherlands |
City | Delft |
Period | 3/11/20 → 5/11/20 |
Bibliographical note
Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-careOtherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.